Keratitis:-

Inflammation of front part of eye, the cornea is called as Keratitis. Cornea is the domed, transparent circular part of the front eye which covers the coloured part of eye and lies over the eye pupil.  Pain and impaired eye vision are the main complaints of Keratitis patient.

Types of Keratitis:-

There are mainly three types of Keratitis:

1. Superficial keratitis : involves the superficial part of cornea and no formation of scar after healing of keratitis.

2. Deep Keratitis : involves deep layers of eye cornea and formation of scar is seen even after the keratitis heals.

3. Acanthamoeba keratitis : Keratitis caused by amoeba

other types of Keratitis:

1. Herpes simplex Keratitis : Is caused by the infection of herpes simplex virus.

2. Traumatic keratitis : Caused due to any injury or trauma to eye ball or Cornea

3. Interstitial Keratitis : seen after birth

4. Superficial punctate Keratitis : is caused when corneal surface cells dies.

Causes of infective Keratitis:-

* Bacterial causes : Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria can cause keratitis.

* Fungi : Filamentous fungi is the main fungus causes keratitis.

* Herpes simplex virus, the main cause of keratitis.

* Acanthamoeba species is the main Parasite infects eye cornea.

Herpes simplex keratitis : it is caused by the infection of the virus Herpes simplex. The herpes simplex Keratitis involves all the layers of the cornea. HSV first infects the conjunctiva and later infection is transmitted to cornea. Herpes simplex keratitis usually infects one eye, and recurrence is seen if not treated properly. Effective treatment of keratitis is important to save eye sight, using antiviral medications.

Main symptoms of HSV keratitis:-

* chronic inflammation of cornea.
* Tiny blood vessels are developed in the eye,
* later scaring occurs,
* Leads to loss of vision and
* Glaucoma.

Bacterial keratitis : Nocardia is the common bacteria causes bacterial keratitis. Bacterial keratitis is seen more common than fungal Keratitis. when the eye is infected with bacteria, eye lids are stuck together when the person wake up. Pain, redness, sensitivity to bright light, tearing and decreased vision are the main symptoms of Bacterial keratitis.

Treatment of Keratitis:-

Antibiotics, antivirals, and anti fungal agents are used to treat different types of keratitis on the basis of causative organism. broad spectrum antibiotic or combination of medications are beneficial in treating bacterial, and viral keratitis. Medications to treat keratitis are applied directly to the eye, for effective action. Four to six times a day the medications are applied to treat keratitis. proper hygiene should be maintained while administering eye drop.

UCLA nurses:-

UCLA nurse are learned in UCLA nurse school. UCLA nurse are the nurse studied in UCLA nursing school in the United states. UCLA nurse school or nursing school was established on Los Angeles campus in 1949. The nursing school has national and international reputation for excellence in preparing qualified nurses. This nursing school is one of the top school among top 10 nursing schools in the United states.

University of Phoenix is also one of the reputed university in the united states.

Top ten nursing schools:-

1. Alabama campus: Birmingham Birmingham
2. Arkansas campus: Bentonville Bentonville
3. Arizona campuses: Phoenix , Phoenix, Tucson Tucson
4. California campuses: Bakersfield , Bakersfield, Diamond Bar , Diamond Bar,
5. Colorado campuses: Colorado Springs , Colorado Springs, Lone Tree Lone Tree
6. Florida campuses: Jacksonville , Jacksonville, Maitland , Maitland, Plantation ,
7. Georgia campuses: Atlanta , Atlanta, Augusta , Augusta, Columbus , Columbus,
8. Hawaii campus: Honolulu Honolulu
9. Idaho campus: Meridian Meridian
10. Indiana campus: Indianapolis Indianapolis
11. Kansas campus: McPherson McPherson
12. Louisiana campus: Metairie
13. Michigan campuses: Grand Rapids , Grand Rapids,
14. Minnesota campus: St. Louis Park St. Louis Park
15. Missouri campus: St. Louis St. Louis
16. New Mexico campus: Albuquerque Albuquerque
17. Ohio campus: Independence Independence
18. Oklahoma campuses: Oklahoma City , Oklahoma City, Tulsa Tulsa
19. Tennessee campus: Nashville Nashville
20. Utah campus: Salt Lake City Salt Lake City

In this modern era, nursing has a wide scope and students searches for good school of nursing. Nurse or nurses have a good future because of increasing health needs.

UCLA school of nursing:-

UCLA school of nursing teaches to students on scientific basis for nursing practice, leadership, and research in the field for nursing.

Essential clinical experiences is also provided to students in UCLA Medical Center.

Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree programs are offered at UCLA school of nursing.

Various practice options in primary care, acute care, and nursing administration are provided to master degree nursing students at UCLA school of nursing.

The students of UCLA school are evolved as nurse practitioners, with several options for clinical preparation in primary or acute care.

All this features makes UCLA school of nursing as reputed nursing school in united states.

The UCLA school of nursing encourages the nursing students who do original research, generate new theories, and build the scientific basis for professional nursing practice.

The UCLA school f nursing teachers are highly qualified as they have national and international reputations for excellence in nursing field.

Fiber diet:-

Fiber diet weight loss article describes how fiber diet helps in weight loss. Dietary fiber is the fiber present in the diet. Fibers are the indigestible plant sourced materials. The fiber present in the food is known as dietary fiber. Fiber is mainly present in fruits, vegetables, and grains. Most of the food fiber are indigestible by human intestine.

Uses of Fiber diet:-

* Fiber has a water observing property and helps in forming bulk of food.
* Fiber is highly beneficial in treating, Constipation, diverticular diseases, and hemorrhoids.
* Water soluble fiber helps in reducing cholesterol level in blood.
* Fiber rich diet is good for heath.
* Fruits, vegetables and grains are rich in fibres and are good for health.
* Fiber rich food also helps in controlling weight.
* Digestion becomes easier in presence of fibre rich food.
* Fiber should be chronically increased in food. Sudden, excess intake of fiber rich food may lead to bloating, gas etc.
* Fiber is beneficial in treating and preventing constipation.

Sources of Fiber diet are:-

Fruits, vegetables and whole grains and nuts are good sources of fiber.

Meat, milk, egg, don’t contain fiber.

Peeling of fruits and vegetables reduces fiber content.

Drying of vegetables and fruits reduces water observing capacity of fiber.

• Cosmetic surgery is the surgery conducted to repair the body part, which has deviation from normal structure and function. Cosmetic surgery aims in restoring the beauty of the person. After cosmetic surgery you look better and also makes you to feel better.
• In these modern days, everybody likes to look nice and beautiful. Cosmetic surgery has helped number of people to have a good physical appearance.
• Everybody likes to keep their physical appearance good, along with inner beauty of mind. To have definite body shape we will go for exercises, diet, etc. If some body part has a deviation from normal structure or function, COSMETIC SURGERY has become a boon to them.
• The beauty after cosmetic surgery gives self – image to the person.
• Cosmetic surgery provides the physical beauty and provides self confidence to the person.
• Poor beauty may lead to lack of self image, but cosmetic surgery helps them.
• Lack of good physical appearance leads to inferiority complex, while Cosmetic surgery aids to have good physical appearance.
• Cosmetic surgery helps to mould the physical disfigurement of the body.
• Cosmetic surgery helps in maintaining good physical shape and helps to maintain physical and emotional well being of person.
• People can come out of worries such as they have worries with their face, nose, neck, waist, hair etc, with cosmetic surgery.
• Cosmetic surgery provides good shape to body parts such as Face, Nose, Neck, Waist, hairs etc and makes the individual feel happy.

Blood cells in urine:-

RBC cells measured in urine are called blood in urine .

Blood in the urine is a common complaint of patients with urinary tract disorders. Medical term used to blood in urea is Hematuria. Blood in urine is not a problem but some times it indicates serious problem in urinary tract. If blood is found in urine for more than three times, it should be examined by physician to confirm any urinary tract disorder.

Test and causes:-

• To conduct urine test fresh, clean urine sample is collected.

• Hygiene to be maintained while collecting urine.

• The test need normal urination, and there is no any complication.

• No need to undergo any fasting, etc before collecting urine.

• After collecting urine, Urine sample is tested in the laboratory.

• Some times due to medications taken , minute blood cells may appear in blood.

• Normal value of blood in urine, after test is 4 blood cells per high power field.

• Women have high risk of blood in urine than men, because the chance of urinary tract infection is high with women.

• Old age people and adults have hematuria or blood in urine more often than youth.

Blood in urine indicates:-

• Cystitis,
• Acute tubular necrosis,
• Glomerulonephritis,
• Interstitial nephritis,
• Pyelonephritis,
• Kidney tumor,
• Kidney trauma,
• Kidney stones, and
• Prostatitis.

Appropriate treatment is given to treat red blood cells in urine, after diagnosis.

Lower back pain:-

Lower back pain is the pain originates in the lower region of back, i.e. in the lumbar region. Muscle strain or spasm, ligament sprains, intervertebral disk prolapse, or slipped disk are the common causes of Lower back pain.

Use of  lower back muscles for prolonged work leads to low back pain.

Causes of lower back pain are..

• Degenerative joint disorder,
• herniated disk,
• spondylolisthesis,
• spinal stenosis,
• apophysial osteoarthritisbetch,
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis,
• fractures to lowe vertebrates,
• ligamentous strains or sprains,
• Lower back muscular strain, etc are the main causes of lower back pain.

Treatment of lower back pain:-

• The best position to relieve low back pain is lie down on a flat surface as thigh is at right angle to hip and knee is at right angle to thigh. The knee should be rested at chair.
• Use analgesics to relieve pain.
• Apply traction to get relief from disk prolapse.
• Physiotherapy helps in muscle relaxation and relieves pain.
• Muscle relaxtants are used to relax the constricted muscles.
• Apply heating pads to painful area to get comfort.
• Antidepressants are used to treat chronic low back pain.
• Active and chronic exercises helps to treat lower back pain.

Asthma symptoms:-

The symptoms of Asthma differ from person to person. The symptoms of asthma may be similar to other respiratory diseases or cardiac diseases. The main, typical symptoms of Asthma are:-

Shortness of breath : Shortness of breath is present due to airway obstruction, is common asthma symptom.

Wheezing : Due to airway obstruction and difficulty in expiration. Whistling sound is heard while breathing in asthma patients.

Coughing: Irritation in the respiratory tract and inflammatory reactions causes cough. Coughing is the most common symptom of asthma.

Tightness in the chest: Use of accessory muscles for breathing, and excessive contraction leads to chest tightness.

Disturbed sleep : In asthma patients sleep is disturbed. Asthma attack is common during night, i.e. between 2 am and 6 am. Severe cough disturbs the sleep. The patient suffers lot because of breathing difficulty, wheezing etc.

Breathlessness : Breathlessness increases along with exercise in asthma patients. excessive breathing with coughing and wheezing leads to breathlessness after an exercise. Breathlessness is the typical sign of Asthma.

Cough and cold : Cold increases the asthma attack. Even after the relieve from cold environment,
asthma patient experiences severe cough and wheezing. Recurrent cough is present with cold in asthma patients.

Children are highly affected with asthma attacks now a days and suffers lot from asthma symptoms. Avoiding asthma trigger factor helps in relieving asthma symptoms.

Upper back pain

“Upper back pain is the pain originated in the upper region of back, i.e. thoracic region” . Pain between neck region and bottom of spine is called as back pain. Improper position, Trauma and sudden injuries causes upper back pain. Upper back pain is the most common complaint by who works at computers and office whole day.

Causes of upper back pain:-

1) Muscular strain
2) Intervertebral joint dysfunction.
3) Repetitive motions or overuse injuries.
4) Ligament problem
5) Improper positioning etc..

Treatment of upper back pain

• Active and passive exercises

• Physiotherapy to back region

• Message with lubricants

• Acupuncture

• Joint manipulation

• Hot and cold compress

• Analgesics, such as aspirin etc…

Blood pressure:-

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the moving blood against the blood vessels. Usually the blood pressure refers to arterial blood pressure.

Systolic blood pressure :-  the pressure exerted by the blood during systole of heart is called systolic blood pressure. Normal systolic blood pressure is 120 mm of Hg.

Diastolic blood pressure :-  the blood pressure exerted against blood vessels during diastole of heart is called Diastolic blood pressure. Normal Diastolic blood pressure is 80 mm of hg.

Sphygmomanometer is the device used to measure blood pressure.

The normal blood pressure of an individual is 120/80 mm of hg.

plus or minus of 10 mm of Hg is also considered as normal blood pressure.

Blood pressure measurement after an exercise may give false result. Blood pressure to be measured after a 10 minutes rest of a person.

Blood pressure is an vital sign has significant role in maintaining health.

Both high blood pressure and low blood pressure are dangerous if not treated.

Different methods are used to measure blood pressure.

Regular exercises, and healthy diet helps to maintain normal blood pressure.

Low blood pressure:-

we all know about high blood pressure and its problems. Low blood pressure is also a life threatening.

“Decrease in the normal blood pressure i.e. systolic blood pressure less than 110 mm of Hg and diastolic blood pressure less than 70 mm of Hg is called as low blood pressure”

Hypotension is the medical term used for low blood pressure.

Some people have low blood pressure always and is not a problem for them. They won’t experience any symptoms of low blood pressure. But in some people blood pressure drops below normal due to certain medical conditions.  These people may experience the symptoms of low blood pressure.

Symptoms of low blood pressure:-

* Dizziness,
* Fainting
* Shock occurs when severe fall of blood pressure.

Treatment of low blood pressure:-

* Provide complete bed rest to low blood pressure affected victim.
* Allow to lie down in a comfortable position.
* Give a cup of water to drink.
* In hospital setup administer IV fluids.
* Give IV 25% dextrose to stabilize the patient.