Childhood diabetes:-

Diabetes can affect individuals irrespective of age, sex, or race. Type 1 Diabetes is the  common type of childhood diabetes. Statistics shows that 90 percent of the children (under the age 16) are affected with Type 1 Diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes in children or childhood diabetes is caused because of pancreatic  inability to produce insulin.

The  rate of beta cell ( Pancreatic cells) destruction in type 1 diabetes is rapid in  infants and children and slow in  older adolescents and adults. ketoacidosis as the first indication of type 1 diabetes is present in both children and adolescents. signs of diabetes in children are  post-meal hyperglycemia, fasting hyperglycemia that rapidly develops to severe hyperglycemia. Main signs of diabetes in children includes  ketoacidosis in the presence of any infection in body.

Causes of childhood Diabetes:-

cause of type-1 diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes in children is caused by immune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of pancreas.Production of antibodies against proteins in the islets cells of pancreas is found in children. But in  adolescents, antibodies are produced before some months of onset of diabetes.

The presence of antibodies against proteins of islets such as GAD-65, ICA, IAA and IA-2, have formed the basis for trials and easy to predict who will develop type 1 diabetes. Children with high titer auto immune antibodies and those with more than one antibody are more prone to develop type 1 diabetes.

In addition, young age and being a first degree relative of someone with type 1 diabetes place children at high risk. In general, 70 percent of people with new-onset diabetes will have a positive antibody if only one antibody is tested, whereas 90 percent will have at least one antibody when all four are measured.

cause of type-2 diabetes:

Cause of  type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is because of  obesity or overweight, insulin resistance, and  a family history of type 2 diabetes, are important causes of type 2 children diabetes. Diabetes blood sugar  balance is important to prevent hyperglycemia or increased glucose level.

Childhood diabetes effects normal life of growing children. Some children becomes dull and looks depressed. Dullness and in activeness in children are important signs of diabetes in children.

Cause of diabetes in children are different. Cause of Type 1 diabetes in children  is because of pancreatic abnormality to produce insulin. Cause of type 2 diabetes in children are obesity, family history of diabetes, etc.

Children diabetes diagnosis is very important to start treatment to prevent complications. childhood diabetes onset is not found exactly as the symptoms seen later. Childhood diabetes risk is high to child as the childhood is the growing period. Improper health care and failure to maintain diabetes blood sugar leads to worsened symptoms and complications.

Symptoms of diabetes:-

More or less symptoms of children diabetes are similar to that of symptoms of diabetes in adults. Most of children are asymptomatic to some years and diagnosing diabetes in children is very critical and important.

The symptoms of childhood diabetes include

* frequent urination and Increased thirst
* extreme hunger
* unusual weight loss
* irritability
* repeated infections
* slow healing of wounds
* bruises under skin
* numbness in hand’s and feet
* tiredness
* behavioral problems
* headache increases with mild work also,
* tummy pains etc

Facts about childhood diabetes:-

* Avoid children to become obese as it helps in prevention of type 2 diabetes.
* Type 1 diabetes in children is common and appropriate insulin administration to maintain diabetes blood glucose in normal range is important.
* Insulin administration to treat type diabetes should be taught to parents and to grown up children also.
* Diabetes children may oppose to get injected regularly. Motivation by the parents and health education by the health care member should be given to child.
* Presence of HLA genes is found in nearly 70 % of type 1 diabetes affected children.
* Childhood diabetes should be well treated for the better health of child.
* Follow up medical care and administer medications regularly.

Urinary tract infection:-

The urinary tract is one of the important system of body and  purifies the blood removes liquid wastes. Women have more chance to get  bacterial urinary tract infection because of easy entering of bacteria through the short urethra.

Urinary tract infection symptoms:-

Urinary tract infection symptoms include a strong urge to urinate,  sharp pain follows soon after urination or men or women will feel burning sensation in the urethra after urine is released from urinary bladder.  Urinary tract infection men passes urine frequently and in small quantity.

Urinary tract infection men always feels like urine is coming through urethra and pain is more common in men compared to urinary tract infection in women. Bladder infection is the commonly occurring urinary tract infection. The Urinary tract infection men will pass urine more than six times a day with feeling of discomfort and have urinary tract infection symptom.

Urinary bladder is commonly infected urinary tract and the bladder infection spreads to kidney through ureters as the  bacteria enters the ureters and transmits infection.

symptoms of a urinary tract infection with bladder and kidney infection are as follows.  lower tract infection may be mild but upper urinary tract infections are complicated.

List of Symptoms of a urinary tract infection:-

* Frequent urination : An urge to pass urine often and often,
* Nocturia : urge to urinate during  night.
* Urethritis :  Discomfort or pain because of inflammation of urethral meatus, or a burning sensation throughout the urethra while passing urine.
* pain in  supra pubic region
* pyuria : presence of Pus cells in urine
* Hematuria : presence of red blood cells in urine.
* Cloudy and foul-smelling urine on observation after storing for some minutes.
* Proteinuria : presence of albumin and proteins in urine,
* The symptoms of kidney Urinary tract infection are
* low  back pain,
* recurring chills,
* fever with mild to moderate temperature,
* nausea, and vomiting may occur,

The symptoms of upper urinary tract infection are always associated with lower  urinary tract infection symptoms.

Proper diagnosis is needed to identify the cause of infection and to distinguish various symptoms, as some symptoms can also caused by other problems like infections of the vulva. The physician can make the distinction and make a correct diagnosis of disease.

urinary tract infection symptom are different from person to person as the severity of infection and the extent of inflammation or disease.

Cephalosporin is the important urinary tract infection antibiotic, and success rate of treating urinary tract infection  is high with use of antibiotics. Antipyretics and analgesics are also administered to treat fever and pain.

Urinary tract infection prevention is important to prevent damage to urinary structures and to prevent symptoms.

male urinary tract infection is less as compared to women. Women are more prone to have urinary tract infection.

Lung cancer:-

Lung cancer is the most common cause of death due to caner in the world, and is confirmed that smoking lungs are most prone to have lung cancer. Smoking lungs are formed because of cigarette smoking and nicotine in the cigarette makes individual to addict and prolonged cigarette smoking causes smoking lungs and leads to smoking lung cancer.

Lungs have main functions of blood purification and converts deoxygenated blood into oxygenated blood. The alveoli performs the gas exchange of blood and is the vital process. When the lung epithelial altered, it alters the blood purification method, and the whole body nourishment is affected. So maintain the healthy lungs by quitting smoking.

Facts about smoking lung cancer:-

Most of ex smokers think that they won’t get lung cancer after cessation of smoking but even they are at risk of developing smoking lung cancer. First, most of cigarette smokers start smoking as a joy and to pleasure. Later it develops into habit and they become addicted to smoking.

The prolonged smoking destroys the lung surfactant and lung epithelium is also becomes damaged with smoke and chemicals present in the smoke. The main chemical which causes lung destruction and leads to lung cancer is nicotine. Even a passive smoker, who inhales smoke exhaled from smoker is also at risk of developing smoking lungs cancer. Even all tobacco products used by human beings are injurious health.

Now a days smoking has become a fashion and most of youth are using smoking as the reliever of mental stress, and is a wrong belief. These are at risk of future smoking lungs cancer.

Causes and symptoms:-

Lung cancers are of two types Small cell lung cancer and non- small cell lung cancer. Cigarette smoking has 4,000 chemicals and most of these are causative factors of smoking lungs cancer.The person who smokes a pack of cigarette per day have 25 % high risk smoking lungs cancer then the person who doesn’t smokes. 90 % lung cancers are caused because of tobacco products usage and smoking contributes more for lung cancer. How long a person smokes also confirms the development of lung cancer.