Cerebral hemorrhage : Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Cerebral hemorrhage:

Cerebral hemorrhage, symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage – The article describes the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Cerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding inside the brain because of ruptured blood vessels is called as Cerebral hemorrhage.

Cerebrum is the main part of the brain comprises the largest part of human brain. Cerebral hemorrhage is the subtype of intracranial hemorrhage, occur within Brain tissue, or inside cranium. An external injury or mechanical injuries are the common cause of Cerebral hemorrhage. Types of intracranial hemorrhage are axial hemorrhage, epidural, subdural and subarachnoid hematomas. All these occurs inside the cranium and outside of the brain tissue. The Internal bleeding inside the brain leads to blood clots inside the brain and leads to further complications. Bleeding in the brain may occur at one part or at different regions of the brain on the basis of cause of bleeding or  hemorrhage.

Causes of Cerebral hemorrhage:

Trauma or injury to Brain : Leads to intracranial hemorrhage or ruptures the blood vessels of the cerebrum.

High blood pressure : An untreated high blood pressure also leads to rupture of small blood vessels or arterioles and leads to internal hemorrhage.

Idiopathic : Cause is unknown,

Leakage of blood from vessels leads to internal clots or causes Hematoma. Swelling, cerebral edema and hematoma creates the pressure on brain and leads to further brain damage.

Other causes are:

• Bleeding disorders such as
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation,
• Hemophilia,
• Sickle cell anaemia,
• Leukemia
• Decreased platelet levels in blood,
• anticoagulant medications such as aspirin,
• Vitamin K disorder, and
• Brain tumor

Symptoms of Cerebral hemorrhage:

Symptoms of internal hemorrhage vary on bleeding part of brain, and extent of brain tissue damage. The symptoms  develops  soon after the rupture of blood vessels in brain even during activity.  Symptoms of Cerebral hemorrhage may gradually develop slowly in case of chronic diseases.

Headache : Occur with change in body position, lying flat, bending the body, coughing, sneezing etc.

• Nausea and  vomiting
• Altered level of consciousness
• Apathy, lethargy,

Unconscious and coma with severe cerebral hemorrhage,

Change in Vision : such as Decreased vision, drooping of eyelid, vision changes, etc.

changes in Sensation  : such as decreased  sensation, numbness, facial paralysis, weak sensation, difficulty in speaking, difficulty in swallowing, unable to write, etc.

• Weakness,
• loss of coordination,
• loss of balance,
• Seizure,
• Altered sense of taste etc
• are the main symptoms of Cerebral hemorrhage

Diagnosis of Cerebral hemorrhage:

History collection of any injury, history of hypertension, etc.

Physical examination may reveal  pain on compressing the injured part,

X- ray to identify the injured part,

CT – scan for identification of bleeding site,

MRI : magnetic resonance image for perfect identification of nature and site of Cerebral hemorrhage

Treatment of Cerebral hemorrhage:

Treatment is given on the basis of cause, severity of cerebral damage, symptoms of Cerebral hemorrhage, etc.

Surgery is indicated in most of the Cerebral hemorrhage disorder,  when is not corrected with medical efforts.