Diabetes pregnancy : symptoms, management, treatment
Diabetes and Pregnancy:-
Untreated diabetes pregnancy is fatal and need immediate care. Most of the women fails to plan the diabetes pregnancy and may face the number of problems. Obesity may cause diabetes pregnancy in the pregnant mother. Gestational diabetes mellitus is common in nearly 15 % of pregnant women. Carbohydrate intolerance of Gestational diabetes mellitus is seen after 24th week of pregnancy, when placenta produces hormones which interfere insulin activity. Maintaining normal blood glucose level is very important during pregnancy to avoid damage to growing fetus. Women with type-2 diabetes mellitus should shift from oral anti diabetic drugs to insulin therapy. Diabetes mellitus also increases the risk of coronary artery diseases. Diabetes pregnancy mother should take care of her health and growing baby’s health.
Diabetes Pregnancy and full Health check up for diabetes during pregnancy is very essential for maintaining health of pregnant mother and growing fetus. The risks of diabetes pregnancy should be reduced before end of second trimester of pregnancy. Oral glucose tolerance test is done to measure the glucose levels in the blood and effective treatment is given to treat diabetes pregnancy. when glucose is present in urine and is in high quantity in blood during pregnancy is said to be pregnancy complicated with diabetes. sometimes lactose may be present in urine which is near labour or during lactation, it is known as lactosuria. glycosuria during pregnancy is usually the result of the renal threshold for glucose, but it is essential to recognise and treat diabetes.
In more than half of the cases of diabetes associated with pregnancy or Diabetes pregnancy the disease is known to have been present before the pregnancy began.
Symptoms of diabetic glycosuria:-
* polyurea,
* polyphagia,
* polydipsia,
* peripheral neuritis,
* pruritus vulvae, etc
The diabetic or renal origin of glycosuria can be differentiated by a simple test. A blood sugar reading is made immediately after the patient has emptied her bladder. Half an hour later a specimen of urine is obtained and tested for sugar, and after a further half an hour a second blood sugar reading is made.
Diabetes pregnancy management:-
The patient must be seen frequently throughout her pregnancy and it is better if a physician and the obstetrician should co operate with each other in treating diabetes pregnancy and preventing bad results for fetus. The onset of hypertension hydramnios is a further indication for hospital management. Diet, exercise, Monitoring weight gain and insulin therapy are the main aspects of treating Diabetes pregnancy.
Diet : Postprandial hyperglycemia leads to increased level of blood glucose. So consuming the diet with the help of dietitian is good for diabetes pregnancy. Diet taken by mother who have diabetes pregnancy should include low glucose diet and a balanced diet with the physicians guidance. Protein malnutrition may occur during pregnancy and care should be taken.
Exercise : Exercises during diabetes pregnancy helps in utilization of glucose from the body and reduces increased glucose level in blood. Exercises for pregnant mother should not be harmful for baby and mild exercises are done with physicians suggestion.
Monitoring weight gain : Weight gain is normal during pregnancy and it should be normal limit. The mother who have diabetes and plans to conceive should take care to reduce weight before pregnancy. Diabetes pregnancy becomes worsen with excess weight gain.
Insulin therapy management : Appropriate and therapeutic dosage of insulin administration is recommended during diabetes pregnancy. Pregnant mother should have a clear knowledge to administer insulin at correct time. Hypoglycemia may occur with insulin therapy as a side effect and attention should be given by pregnant mother to maintain normal blood glucose during pregnancy. After 36th week of pregnancy insulin demand increases as the placental growth stops.
Treatment of Diabetes pregnancy:-
The diabetes pregnancy fetus is liable to die in uterus or womb at any time but particularly during the last four weeks of pregnancy. Baby or fetus weight at this time may exceed that of a child born at time. If the patient is a primigravida with severe diabetes or multipara with a history of previous still births, Caesarean section should be carried out at about the thirty sixth week of pregnancy. In other cases surgical induction of labour may be attempted. The reason for carrying out the Cesarean section is merely to avoid intrauterine death of the fetus, but the child has only a precarious hold on life and the help of the pediatrician is required to tide it over the first few days of life.
