Human anatomy : organ systems of human body
Human anatomy :-
The scientific, morphological study of human body structures is called as human Anatomy.
Anatomy is classified as Gross anatomy and Microscopic anatomy.
Gross Anatomy : is the study of human body structures visualising through naked eyes. ex: structural study of liver.
Microscopic Anatomy : Is the study of human body structures using microscope. ex: histological study of liver cells.
Anatomy is the basic medical science studied along with physiology and biochemistry.
The human body includes biological system of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The structural study of all these body parts is known as Anatomy.
Regional group of human anatomy:-
1. Head and Neck : includes study of structures above thoracic inlet, i.e. neck, face, anatomy of eye, anatomy of cranium, etc
2. Upper limbs : includes both hands, shoulders, elbow, wrist palm etc.
3. Thorax : consists of chest region below thoracic inlet to above diaphragm.
4. Abdomen : Anatomy of structures below diaphragm to above pelvic cavity.
5. Back : anatomy of vertebrates, intervertebral discs, sacrum. coccyx, and spine.
6. Pelvis and perineum : anatomy of pelvic organs and perineal region.
7. Lower limbs : including both limbs, everything below inguinal ligament, i.e. legs, thigh, knee, ankle, foot, etc.
Organ systems of human body:-
Circulatory system : Includes blood, heart, lungs, and blood vessels. This system collects blood from different parts of body through blood vessels and purifies in lungs and purified blood is pumped by heart and carried to body parts through vessels.
Digestive system : Includes mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. Digestive system digests and processes ingested food.
Endocrine system : Produces hormones using endocrine glands, communicates within body. Includes hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and adrenal glands.
Lymphatic system : Includes lymph, lymph nodes,and vessels. Adds support to immune system.
Nervous system : External and internal information collection, transferring, and processing, with
brain, spinal cord, peripheral and cranial nerves.
Respiratory system : Consists of breathing organs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and
diaphragm.
Muscular system : Consists of muscles, skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.
Skeletal system : Provides frame to human body, includes bones, cartilages, tendons, and ligaments.
Reproductive system : Includes reproductive organs.
Immune system : Includes lymphocytes, and provides immunity to body.
Integumentary system : Provides body covering, with skin, hair and nails.
Urinary system : Processes formation and excretion of urine. Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
These systems are studied under headings as
* Anatomy of respiratory system.
* Anatomy of integumentary system.
* Anatomy of nervous system,
* Anatomy of endocrine system,
* Anatomy of digestive system,
* Anatomy of lymphatic system,
* Anatomy of reproductive system,
* Anatomy of urinary system,
* Anatomy of cardiac system,
* Anatomy of circulatory system,
* Anatomy of immune system.
* Anatomy of muscular system.
Superficial Anatomy of Human Body:-
Superficial Anatomy or surface Anatomy of human body comprises,
* Head, forehead, jaw, face, cheek, chin
* Neck, Shoulders,
* Arm, elbow, wrist, hand, fingers
* vertebrates, sacrum, coccyx, spine.
* Abdomen, back, groin
* Hip, buttocks, leg, thigh, knee, calf, heel, ankle, heel, foot, toes.
* Eye, ear, nose, mouth, tongue, teeth, throat, external reproductive organs,
Internal organs of human body:-
Brain, pituitary, parathyroid, eyes, inner ear, thyroid gland, thymus gland, heart, lungs, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix, adrenal gland, spleen, stomach, intestines,
prostate, uterus, testes, veins, arteries, are main internal organs of human body.
